What is GERD?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a more serious form of gastroesophageal reflux (GER), which is common. GER occurs when the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) opens spontaneously, for varying periods of time, or does not close properly and stomach contents rise up into the oesophagus. GER is also called acid reflux or acid regurgitation, because digestive juices—called acids—rise up with the food. The oesophagus is the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. The LES is a ring of muscle at the bottom of the oesophagus that acts like a valve between the oesophagus and stomach. When acid reflux occurs, food or fluid can be tasted in the back of the mouth. When refluxed stomach acid touches the lining of the oesophagus it may cause a burning sensation in the chest or throat called heartburn or acid indigestion. Occasional GER is common and does not necessarily mean one has GERD. Persistent reflux that occurs more than twice a week is considered GERD, and it can eventually lead to more serious health problems. People of all ages can have GERD.
What are the symptoms of GERD?
The main symptom of GERD in adults is Frequent heartburn, also called acid indigestion—burning-type pain in the lower Part of the mid-chest, behind the breast bone, and in the mid-abdomen. Most children under 12 years with GERD, and some adults, have GERD without heartburn. Instead, they may experience a dry cough, asthma symptoms, or trouble swallowing.
What causes GERD?
The reason some people develop GERD is still unclear. However, research shows that in people with GERD, the LES relaxes while the rest of the oesophagus is working. Anatomical abnormalities such as a hiatus hernia may also contribute to GERD. A hiatus hernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach and the LES move above the diaphragm, the muscle wall that separates the stomach from the chest. Normally, the diaphragm helps the LES keep acid from rising up into the oesophagus. When a hiatus hernia is present, acid reflux can occur more easily. A hiatus hernia can occur in people of any age and is most often a normal finding in otherwise healthy people over age 50. Most of the time, a hiatus hernia produces no symptoms.Other factors that may contribute to GERD Include
• Obesity
• Pregnancy
• Smoking
Common foods that can worsen reflux Symptoms include
• Citrus fruits
• Chocolate
• Drinks with caffeine or alcohol
• Fatty and fried foods
• Garlic and onions
• mint flavourings
• Spicy foods
• Tomato-based foods, like spaghetti sauce, salsa, chilli, and pizza
Lifestyle Changes
• If you smoke, stop.
• Avoid foods and beverages that worsen symptoms.
• Lose weight if needed.
• Eat small, frequent meals.
• Wear loose-fitting clothes.
• Avoid lying down for 3 hours after a meal.
• Raise the head of your bed 6 to 8 inches by securing wood blocks under the bedposts. Just using extra pillows will not help.
How is GERD treated?
Consult your health care provider if you have had symptoms of GERD and have been Using antacids or other over-the-counter reflux medications for more than 2 weeks. Consult the doctor who treats diseases of the stomach and intestines. Depending on the severity of your GERD, treatment may involve one or more of the following lifestyle changes, medications.
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